Meanwhile, American Express Co. became the first major financial institution to formally request permission to return federal bailout money provided under the Troubled Asset Relief Program, or TARP.

Wells Fargo & Co. said it’s seeking to raise $6 billion by offering common stock to investors. The San Francisco-based bank announced the plans after the government’s stress test results showed that Wells Fargo needs $13.7 billion in new capital to withstand a deeper recession.

The stress test results showed that Morgan Stanley needs $1.8 billion in fresh funds. Minutes after their release, the New York-based investment bank said it’s seeking to raise $2 billion through a public stock offering.

It said it will also try to raise $3 billion through an offering of senior debt that won’t be guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. Raising capital without federal guarantees is a requirement for banks that want to return TARP funds.

Wells Fargo shares closed down nearly 8 percent at $24.76 on heavy trading volume. In after-hours trading, the stock fell 2.4 percent to $24.17.

Morgan Stanley shares ended 4.8 percent lower at $27.14. The stock fell 0.7 percent to $26.95 in after-hours trading.

Separately, Citigroup Inc. said it’s planning to convert an extra $5.5 billion of preferred shares into common stock after the stress tests determined it needs an equal amount in fresh capital.

A conversion would not actually give Citigroup more cash, but it would increase Citi’s “common equity,” a yardstick being used by the government to measure a bank’s ability to absorb losses.

The aim of the stress tests was to see how the nation’s 19 biggest banks would manage if the economy gets worse. Officials hope the tests will restore investors’ confidence in the battered banking sector. They have said none of the 19 banks will be allowed to fail.

Besides Wells Fargo and Morgan Stanley, banks requiring additional capital are: Bank of America Corp. ($33.9 billion); Citigroup Inc. ($5.5 billion); Fifth Third Bancorp ($1.1 billion); GMAC LLC ($11.5 billion); KeyCorp ($1.8 billion); PNC Financial Services Group Inc. ($600 million); Regions Financial Corp. ($2.5 billion); and SunTrust Banks Inc. ($2.2 billion).

The 10 banks will have until June 8 to develop a plan to raise capital and have it approved by their regulators.

Sung Won Sohn, an economics professor at California State University, Channel Islands, said the moves to raise funds by Wells Fargo and other banks could leave them overcapitalized, “assuming the economy continues to recover.”

Meanwhile, American Express and eight other companies won’t need new capital. Immediately after the release of the results, American Express chairman and chief executive Kenneth I. Chenault announced the credit card lender has filed a request with the Federal Reserve and the Treasury to repay its $3.4 billion in TARP funds.

American Express chief financial officer Daniel Henry said talks with regulators to return the TARP funds could begin Friday.

“We’ll take whatever action we need to take” to pay back the money, Henry said in a conference call with analysts.

Chafing under a litany of government restrictions, major banks including Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Morgan Stanley have said they want to return their share of the $700 billion TARP program. Twelve smaller banks have already repaid funds.

Speaking to analysts Thursday evening JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon reiterated his desire to repay TARP funds.

“Obviously, we’ll be in that process as soon as we can, and hopefully we’ll be allowed to pay it,” Dimon said.

Congress approved the TARP program in October as the worsening credit crisis threatened to cause a collapse of the banking system. A service of YellowBrix, Inc. (Associated Press/AP Online) By: Stevenson Jacobs.

The final Space Shuttle flight to NASA’s orbiting Hubble Space Telescope is set for blast off on May 11 at 2:01PM EDT from Launch Pad 39 A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. This will be NASA’s 5th and final shuttle mission to service and upgrade Hubble. The stakes could not be higher for this action packed, dauntingly complex and long delayed mission. It’s certain to be “High drama at the High Frontier” for this flight designated as SM-4 (Servicing Mission 4).

Hubble has suffered “significant deterioration” in its science capabilities since the last servicing mission (SM-3B) conducted in March 2002, according to Ed Weiler, associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate in Washington, DC. The seven year gap between servicing missions is “twice what it should be”, says David Leckrone, Hubble project scientist at NASA Goddard in Greenbelt, MD. “We need surgery to get back to 100%”.

On average NASA dispatched servicing missions to Hubble at roughly three year intervals. The long delay is a direct consequence of the destruction of Space Shuttle Columbia on re-entry in February 2003 and the death of the entire seven person crew of men and women. Indeed this final servicing mission was outright cancelled in 2004 as “too risky” by then NASA Administrator Sean O’Keefe in the wake of the Columbia tragedy. The subsequent NASA Administrator Mike Griffin reinstated the mission in 2006 after exhaustive further analysis and development of a new plan which includes simultaneously placing a back-up shuttle on Launch Pad 39 B if required to mount a quick response ‘launch on need’ rescue mission.

The overriding goal plain and simple for the SM-4 astronaut crew launching aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis is to save Hubble from near term death and extend the operational science gathering lifespan by around 5 years to about 2014 and perhaps even a few years longer if critical components continue to function says Preston Burch, Hubble Program manager at NASA Goddard. NASA hopes for some overlap in operations with Hubble’s successor, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) set for launch on 2013.

Hubble has set “A Standard of Excellence” says Ed Weiler since the first servicing mission (SM-1) in 1993 when astronauts installed new instruments and corrective optics for the flawed primary mirror. Now however, “Hubble currently has only 3 working science channels. The Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC-2) is 15 years old and getting a little bit long on the tooth and will be replaced on this mission” adds David Leckrone. After SM-4, Hubble will have 14 channels, 11 of them new. Weiler stated that if all goes well, “Hubble will be at the apex of its science capabilities and will never have been better”.

During the scheduled 11 day flight, four highly trained astronauts will conduct 5 back-to-back spacewalks (or EVAs) in a bold attempt to repair, refurbish, and replace science instruments and vital equipment to ensure that Hubble is at the cutting edge of science discoveries into the next decade.

The mission will put in place state-of-the-art technology that improves the telescopes discovery power by 10 to 70 times. Astronauts will install two new science instruments and repair two inactive ones, install new thermal insulation blankets and batteries, replace all 6 gyroscopes, perform maintenance on critical subsystems and components and attach a docking mechanism for a potential future de-orbit mission or Orion capsule docking. The result will be six working, complementary science instruments with discovery capabilities far beyond what is now available and that will contribute significantly to the expansion of human knowledge.

The seven member astronaut crew for STS-125 is a mix of veterans and first time space flyers for what will be the 126th shuttle flight. Indeed, three of the astronauts flew together on the last Hubble servicing mission including repeat Shuttle Commander Scott Altman, lead space walker John Grunsfeld (an astronomer on his 3rd trip to Hubble), and fellow Hubble spacewalker Mike Massimino.

This will be the first spaceflight for Shuttle pilot Gregory Johnson and Mission Specialist Megan McArthur who’s job is to grab Hubble with the robotic arm on Flight Day 3 and berth it safely and securely in the cavernous shuttle cargo bay. Rookie Mission Specialists Michael Good and Andrew Feustel round out the team of 4 spacewalkers who will work in alternating teams of two.

SM-4 blast-off was suddenly postponed from last October 2008 when a circuit in the crucial data handling unit which commands and controls all the science instruments and communications relay unexpectedly failed barely two weeks prior to blast-off. Due to the ensuing lengthy launch delay NASA officials opted to destack the shuttle components and I was fortunate to be on hand and photograph the rollback of Atlantis off Launch Pad 39 A and back into the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB).

Hubble cannot function without the data unit known as the Science Instrument Command & Data Handling Unit (SIC &DH). Luckily the team was able to switch Hubble operations over to the built in back-up redundant “B” side command unit. In fact as Ed Weiler pointed out, it was quite fortunate that the unit malfunction occurred before the launch attempt or the entire repair effort could have been for naught. This allowed the team to check and certify a partially disassembled ground spare SIC &DH unit which actually had never been flight qualified. And it has taken a Herculean effort by all involved to conduct performance testing and get the data handling unit ready and primed for installation on this mission as one of the top priority goals.

NASA managers gave the ‘Go’ for STS-125 launch following the customary Flight Readiness Review (FRR) last week on April 30 after assessing the risks of the mission and determining that the shuttle’s equipment and support systems are ready for flight. The back-up shuttle Endeavour sits on standby at Pad 39 B ready to fly within about a week in the unlikely event an emergency rescue mission is necessary due to irreparable damage to the heat shield tiles or other problems. Atlantis cannot fly to the International Space Station as a ‘safe haven’ for the human crew and has limited life sustaining supplies.

With Atlantis lift off now just 4 days away, launch and training preparations are in their final stages and the crew has entered the standard pre-launch quarantine. The crew is scheduled to arrive in Florida on Friday afternoon May 8 and the launch countdown begins at 4 PM, events which I hope to report on.

That they felt compelled to openly air such conclusions about a nominally close U.S. ally — for which the administration is proposing billions in new aid dollars — was a measure of the desperation that seems to have infected the Obama administration’s dealings with Pakistan’s weak civilian government and obtuse military leadership. In the months since the administration took office, as in the last months of the Bush administration, private cajoling of President Asif Ali Zardari and Army chief Gen. Ashfaq Kiyani to fight the Taliban has done little good. It’s not yet clear whether the public campaign will have more effect — but it is sure to get many in Washington stirred about what Ms. Clinton described as the “mortal threat” a Taliban regime armed with nuclear weapons could pose to the United States.

That threat is certainly real. The government’s decision to tolerate what amounts to Taliban control of the Swat Valley northwest of Islamabad has emboldened the extremists, who now are seeking to infiltrate neighboring districts even closer to the capital. The Pakistani army, untrained in counterinsurgency and rigidly focused on India, is reluctant to take on the militants; when it has tried to fight them in areas near the Afghan border, it has been mostly ineffective. Though the vast majority of Pakistanis oppose the Taliban’s fundamentalism, most also dislike Mr. Zardari’s government and suspect that operations against the insurgents serve U.S. interests more Pakistan’s.

The loud U.S. warnings did provoke the Zardari government and Gen. Kiyani to say that they would fight the Taliban if it continued to advance; the black-turbaned fighters subsequently withdrew from one district on Friday. Pakistani officials say that the public support needed for the military offensive Washington wants won’t be forthcoming unless Pakistanis believe that their government has tried all peaceful options. It is certainly the case that Pakistanis as well as their government must embrace the fight against the Taliban as their own, and not as a proxy war for the United States. It is also true that, apart from mounting missile strikes by remote-controlled aircraft, there is little the United States can do directly to defeat the Pakistani Taliban; the administration must try to work through the government and army.

But the United States has leverage: Without the billons flowing into Pakistan in direct U.S. aid as well as from other donors marshaled by Washington, Pakistan’s economy would collapse. Perhaps the dire U.S. warnings will galvanize the country’s political class into demanding action from the army and government — or replacing the latter. But shouts of ‘”fire” have risks: They can also cause panic, or go unheeded.

Now, however, a new study in the Journal of the Geological Society throws all of that into question. The asteroid impact and the dinosaur extinction, argue the authors, may not have been simultaneous, but rather may have occurred 300,000 years apart. That’s an eye-blink in geological time, but it’s a relevant eye-blink all the same, one that occurred at just the right moment in ancient history to have sent the extinction theory entirely awry. (See pictures of meteors striking the earth.)

The controversial new paper was written by geoscientists Gerta Keller of Princeton University and Thierry Addate of the University of Lausanne, in Switzerland — and both researchers knew that challenging the impact doctrine would not be easy. The asteroid charged with killing the dinosaurs, after all, left more than the Chicxulub crater as its calling card. At the same 65-million-year depth, the geological record reveals that a thin layer of iridium was deposited pretty much everywhere in the world. Iridium is an element that’s rare on Earth but common in asteroids, and a fine global dusting of the stuff is precisely what you’d expect to find if an asteroid struck the ground, vaporized on impact and eventually rained its remains back down. Below that iridium layer, the fossil record shows that a riot of species was thriving; above it, 65% of them went suddenly missing. (Read about China’s dinosaur fossils.)

But Keller and Addate worried that we were misreading both the geological and fossil records. They conducted surveys at numerous sites in Mexico, particularly at a spot called El Peñón, very near the impact crater. They were especially interested in a 30-ft. layer of sediment just above the iridium layer. That sediment, they calculate, was laid down at a rate of about 0.8 in. to 1.2 in. per thousand years, meaning that the entire 30 feet took 300,000 years to settle into place. (See pictures of Mexico’s swine flu outbreak.)

Analyzing the fossils at this small site, they counted 52 distinct species just below the iridium layer. Then they counted the species above it. The result: the same 52. It wasn’t until they sampled 30 feet higher — and 300,000 years later — that they saw the die-offs.

“The mass extinction level can be seen above this interval,” Keller says. “Not a single species went extinct as a result of the Chicxulub impact.”

Keller’s and Addate’s species samplings are not, of course, conclusive, and plenty of other surveys since 1978 do tie the extinctions closely to the asteroid. But since the new digs were so close to ground zero, the immediate species loss ought to be have been — if anything — greater there than anywhere else in the world. Instead, the animals seemed to escape unharmed. Other paleontologists, however, believe that the very proximity of El Peñón to the impact site makes the results not more reliable, but less. Earthquakes and tsunamis that resulted from the collision could have wrought havoc on the sedimentary record, causing discrete strata to swirl together and completely scrambling timelines. Keller disagrees, pointing out that the slow accretion of sediment she and Addate recorded is completely inconsistent with a sudden event like a tsunami. (See pictures of animals in space.)

“The sandstone complex was not deposited over hours or days,” she says. “Deposition occurred over a very long time period.”

So if the Chicxulub asteroid didn’t kill the dinosaurs, what did? Paleontologists have advanced all manner of other theories over the years, including the appearance of land bridges that allowed different species to migrate to different continents, bringing with them diseases to which native species hadn’t developed immunity. Keller and Addate do not see any reason to stray so far from the prevailing model. Some kind of atmospheric haze might indeed have blocked the sun making the planet too cold for the dinosaurs — it just didn’t have to have come from an asteroid. Rather, they say, the source might have been massive volcanos, such as the ones that blew in the Deccan Traps in what is now India at just the right point in history. (See pictures of the space race.)

For the dinosaurs that perished 65 million years back, extinction was extinction and the precise cause was immaterial. But for the bipedal mammals who were allowed to rise once the big lizards were finally gone, it is a matter of enduring fascination. By: Jeffrey Kluger

With the swine flu having already spread to at least six other countries besides Mexico, authorities around the globe are like firefighters battling a blaze without knowing how far it extends.

“At this time, containment is not a feasible option,” said Keiji Fukuda, assistant director-general of the World Health Organization, which raised its alert level on Monday.

New Zealand reported Tuesday that 11 people who recently returned from Mexico contracted the virus. Tests conducted at a World Health Organization laboratory in Australia had confirmed three cases of swine flu among 11 members of the group who were showing symptoms, New Zealand Health Minister Tony Ryall said.

Officials decided that was evidence enough to assume the whole group was infected, he said.

Those infected had suffered only “mild illness” and were expected to recover, Public Health Director Mark Jacobs said. There are 43 more suspected cases in the country, officials said.

The Israeli Health Ministry on Tuesday confirmed the region’s first case of swine flu in the city of Netanya. The 26-year-old patient recently returned from Mexico and had contracted the same strain, Health Ministry spokeswoman Einav Shimron.

Dr. Avinoam Skolnik, Laniado Hospital’s medical director, said the patient has fully recovered and is in “excellent condition” but will remain hospitalized until the Health Ministry approves his release.

Another suspected case has been tested at another Israeli hospital but results are not in, the ministry said.

Meanwhile, a second case was confirmed Tuesday in Spain, Health Minister Trinidad Jimenez said, a day after the country reported its first case. The 23-year-old student, one of 26 patients under observation, was not in serious condition, Jimenez said.

With the virus spreading, the U.S. prepared for the worst even as President Barack Obama tried to reassure Americans.

At the White House, a swine flu update was added to Obama’s daily intelligence briefing. Obama said the outbreak is “not a cause for alarm,” even as the U.S. stepped up checks of people entering the country and warned U.S. citizens to avoid nonessential travel to Mexico.

“We are proceeding as if we are preparatory to a full pandemic,” said Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano.

The European Union health commissioner suggested that Europeans avoid nonessential travel both to Mexico and parts of the United States. Russia, Hong Kong and Taiwan said they would quarantine visitors showing symptoms of the virus.

Mexico, where the number of deaths believed caused by swine flu rose by 50 percent on Monday to 152, is suspected to be ground zero of the outbreak. But Mexican Health Secretary Jose Angel Cordova late Monday said no one knows where the outbreak began, and implied it may have started in the U.S.

“I think it is very risky to say, or want to say, what the point of origin or dissemination of it is, given that there had already been cases reported in southern California and Texas,” Cordova told a press conference.

It’s still not clear when the first case occurred, making it impossible thus far to determine where the breakout started.

Dr. Nancy Cox of the Atlanta-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has said she believes the earliest onset of swine flu in the United States happened on March 28. Cordova said a sample taken from a 4-year-old boy in Mexico’s Veracruz state in early April tested positive for swine flu. However, it is not known when the boy, who later recovered, became infected.

The World Health Organization raised the alert level to Phase 4, meaning there is sustained human-to-human transmission of the virus causing outbreaks in at least one country. Monday was the first time it has ever been raised above Phase 3.

Putting an alert at Phases 4 or 5 signals that the virus is becoming increasingly adept at spreading among humans. Phase 6 is for a full-blown pandemic, characterized by outbreaks in at least two regions of the world.

Fifty cases — none fatal and most of them mild — were confirmed in the United States. Including the New Zealand, Israeli and new Spanish reports, there were 92 confirmed cases worldwide on Tuesday. That included six in Canada, one in Spain and two in Scotland.

Symptoms include a fever of more than 100, coughing, joint aches, severe headache and, in some cases, vomiting and diarrhea.

Amid the alarm, there was a spot of good news. The number of new cases reported by Mexico’s largest government hospitals has been declining the past three days, Cordova said, from 141 on Saturday to 119 on Sunday and 110 Monday.

In a bid to prevent mass contagion, Mexico canceled school nationwide until May 6, and the Mexico City government is considering a complete shutdown, including all public transportation. The Cinco de Mayo parade celebrating Mexico’s defeat of a French army on May 5, 1862 and Mexico City’s traditional May 1 parade were canceled. More than 100 museums nationwide were closed.

At Mexico City’s international airport, families grimly waited for flights out of the capital or country, determined to keep their masks on until they touched ground somewhere else.

Three games involving Mexico City soccer clubs were played with no spectators over the weekend. Decio de Maria, secretary general of the Mexican soccer federation, said plans for future matches would be announced on Wednesday.

“The idea is to look for the fewest number of games that have to be played behind closed doors,” he said. “If it’s necessary, we’ll play all the matches behind closed doors. We don’t foresee canceling any games.”

Many residents of Mexico City wore blue surgical masks, though the CDC said most masks offer little protection. Many victims have been in their 30s and 40s — not the very old or young who typically succumb to the flu. So far, no deaths from the new virus have been reported outside Mexico.

It could take four to six months before the first batch of vaccines are available, WHO officials said. Some antiflu drugs do work once someone is sick.

Napolitano, the U.S. Homeland Security chief, said Washington is dispatching people and equipment to affected areas and stepping up information-sharing at all levels of government and with other nations.

Richard Besser, the CDC’s acting director, said his agency is aggressively looking for evidence of the disease spreading and probing for ways to control and prevent it.

Flu deaths are nothing new in the United States. The CDC estimates that about 36,000 people died of flu-related causes each year, on average, during the 1990s in the United States. But the new flu strain is a combination of pig, bird and human viruses that humans may have no natural immunity to.

Besser said that so far the virus in the United States seems less severe than in Mexico. Only one person has been hospitalized in the U.S.

“I wouldn’t be overly reassured by that,” Besser told reporters at CDC headquarters in Atlanta, sounding a cautionary note.

The best way to keep the disease from spreading, Besser said, is by taking everyday precautions such as frequent handwashing, covering up coughs and sneezes, and staying away from work or school if not feeling well.

WHO spokesman Peter Cordingley singled out air travel as an easy way the virus could spread, noting that the WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any time.

Governments in Asia — with memories of previous flu outbreaks — were especially cautious. Singapore, Thailand, Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines dusted off thermal scanners used in the 2003 SARS crisis and were checking for signs of fever among passengers from North America. South Korea, India and Indonesia also announced screening.

Teams of doctors, nurses and government officials boarded flights arriving in Japan from Mexico, the U.S. and Canada to check passengers for signs of the flu, Japanese Health Ministry official Akimori Mizuguchi said.

World stock markets fell Tuesday as investors worried that any swine flu pandemic could derail a global economic recovery.

AP writers Mark Stevenson in Mexico City, Mike Stobbe in Atlanta, Ray Lilley in Wellington, New Zealand, Aron Heller in Jerusalem and Pan Pylas in London contributed to this report.

HAVANA – Fidel Castro wrote in an essay published yesterday that President Obama had “misinterpreted” his brother Raul’s seeming conciliatory remarks regarding the United States, and he bristled at the suggestion that Cuba should free political prisoners or cut taxes on dollars that Cuban Americans send to the island.

His comments put into doubt the true meaning of his brother’s statements and raised questions about Cuba’s position on detente with the United States.

Although he surrendered the presidency to Raul in February 2008, Fidel Castro retains enormous influence and remains head of Cuba’s Communist Party.

Raul Castro touched off speculation last week that the United States and Cuba could be headed toward a thaw after nearly a half-century of chilly relations. He said his government would be willing to sit down with its U.S. counterparts and discuss “everything, everything, everything,” including human rights, freedom of the press and expression, and political prisoners.

Obama responded at the Summit of the Americas by saying Washington was seeking a new beginning with Cuba. But as he prepared to leave the summit Sunday, Obama also called on Cuba to release political prisoners and reduce taxes on remittances from the United States.

That appeared to enrage Fidel Castro, 82, who wrote that Obama “without a doubt misinterpreted Raul’s declarations.”

“When the president of Cuba said he was ready to discuss any topic with the U.S. president, he meant he was not afraid of addressing any issue,” Fidel Castro wrote.

“That shows his courage and confidence in the principles of the revolution,” he wrote.

The former president appeared to be throwing a dose of cold water on growing expectations for improved bilateral relations, suggesting Obama had no right to dare suggest that Cuba make even small concessions.

Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton offered a different perspective while discussing Cuba policy yesterday with the House Foreign Affairs Committee. She said that while Fidel Castro had “contradicted” his brother’s statements about Cuba’s willingness to discuss a whole range of issues, that showed “there is beginning to be a debate” in Cuba about how to move forward with U.S. relations.

Raul Castro, 77, has not clarified the confusion and is unlikely to, out of respect for his older brother.

Clinton said the Obama administration needs to be ready to engage with Cuba, even though its government is “very difficult to move.”

The different tones, if not policy positions, that the Castro brothers have clearly adopted could mean there is a division in Cuba’s collective communist leadership over whether detente is moving too fast. Or the leaders could be trying to create an appearance of friction that keeps Cuba in the news and may become a bargaining chip in any negotiations.

“It’s a game of political strategy,” said Elizardo Sanchez, the island’s leading rights activist and head of the Cuban Commission for Human Rights and National Reconciliation.

Fidel Castro, in his essay, defended Cuba’s right to levy a 10 percent fee on every U.S. dollar sent to relatives on the island by Cuban Americans, saying that if the money arriving from abroad “is in dollars, all the more reason we should do it because it is the currency of the country that blockades us.”

All top Cuban leaders routinely call the 47-year-old trade embargo against their country a blockade.

“Not all Cubans have family members overseas that send remittances,” Fidel Castro wrote. He said Cuba used the revenue from fees on exchanging dollars to provide free health care, education and subsidized food to its population.

Fidel Castro has previously expressed admiration for Obama, but he blasted the new U.S. president in the essay for showing signs of “superficiality” and called on him to wait no longer before lifting the U.S. trade embargo against Cuba.

“We are living in a new era. Changes are unavoidable,” he wrote. “Leaders just pass through; peoples prevail.”

Still, some Cubans were irritated yesterday by his insistence that Obama misinterpreted Raul Castro’s sentiments.

Wilfredo O’Farril, 59, a construction worker, said: “I’m not afraid to say it. We are a people without a future.” Fidel Castro “first says one thing, then says another. We’ve been this way for 50 years.” By: Will Weissert (AP)

Police in Boston and Warwick, R.I., say Philip Markoff, 23, may have preyed on other women he found on the website, where people can post most ads for free, says Jake Wark, a spokesman for the district attorney in Suffolk County, Mass., who brought the charges. A judge ordered Markoff jailed without bail.

R.I. POLICE: Case similar to Boston Craigslist slaying

He is charged with murdering one woman and robbing and kidnapping another. Both had posted ads under the website’s “erotic services” section, police say.

Craigslist CEO Jim Buckmaster, in a statement posted on his blog Tuesday, urged website users to take “the same common-sense precautions online as they would offline,” such as choosing a public place or bringing a friend along when meeting people encountered online. About 50 million Americans use Craigslist to place online classified ads each month, he wrote.

“We are horrified and deeply saddened that our community services have been associated in any way whatsoever with a crime of violence,” he wrote. “We are evaluating this incident closely to see if there are any additional things (Craigslist) could be doing to further improve safety for our uses and the general public.”

Defense attorney John Salsberg said Markoff is not guilty and “has his family’s support.”

“There are a lot of people out there, and not all of them are good,” says Parry Aftab, a privacy and security lawyer who founded wiredsafety.org to promote online safety, including on popular sites such as Craigslist, Facebook and MySpace. “Many of us are vulnerable because we’re not as careful in the online world as we would normally be.”

This is not the first time someone allegedly has used Craigslist to find a victim. Michael John Anderson, 20, of Savage, Minn., was sentenced this month to life in prison for killing Katherine Ann Olson, 24, whom he lured to his home when she responded to an ad for a nanny he put on the site.

Craigslist signed an agreement Nov. 6 with 40 state attorneys general in which it promised to enact safeguards to restrict prostitution postings on its site. It requires people who post in the erotic ads section, which includes such services as fantasy role-playing and lap dances, to provide valid identification and pay a $5 or $10 fee by credit card.

Despite that agreement, Cook County, Ill., Sheriff Thomas Dart last month sued Craigslist for facilitating prostitution. The suit, filed in Chicago, asks a judge to outlaw the “erotic services” section. Dart said in the lawsuit that his department had made hundreds of arrests based on ads on the site, including for child endangerment and human trafficking.

Markoff is accused of contacting a 29-year-old woman who advertised massage services in the erotic services section of Craigslist, Wark says. He arranged to meet her April 10 at the Westin Copley Place hotel in Boston, Wark says. Once in her hotel room, Wark says, he pointed a gun at her, bound her hands and demanded money. Markoff is charged in that case with armed robbery and kidnapping.

Markoff replied to another Craigslist ad April 14 and made an appointment to meet Julissa Brisman, 26, of New York, at the Boston Marriott Copley Place, Wark says. Brisman was beaten and shot three times at close range, he says. One bullet struck her heart, killing her. Markoff is charged with murder and carrying a firearm without a license.

“The evidence suggests an armed robbery that escalated to violence,” Wark says. He says police traced an Internet address used to set up the date with Brisman to Markoff’s apartment in Quincy, Mass.

Police also are investigating whether Markoff is linked to a similar armed robbery in Warwick, R.I., Wark says. Contributing: The Associated Press By: Donna Leinwand, USA TODAY

In an announcement on state-run television, the country said it was ready to step up efforts to develop nuclear weapons and poised for a military response to any moves against it.

“The revolutionary armed forces of the DPRK are always keeping themselves fully ready to go into action any moment to mercilessly punish anyone who encroaches upon the sovereignty and dignity of the DPRK even a bit,” it said.

On Monday the United Nations condemned North Korea — which refers to itself as the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, or DPRK — for launching a rocket.

The United States called the launch a “provocative act” that violated a 2006 Security Council resolution prohibiting Pyongyang from conducting ballistic missile launches.

Pyongyang insists the April 5 launch was a successful mission to place a communications satellite into orbit. The United States says the rocket’s payload did not reach orbit.

The U.N. statement says the rocket launch was “in contravention” to a 2006 Security Council resolution that demanded that North Korea not launch any ballistic missiles.

The 15-member council also voted unanimously for a statement by the council’s president demanding the country make no more launches.

“The Korean People’s Army will consider sanctions to be applied against the DPRK under various names over its satellite launch or any pressure to be put upon it through ‘total participation’ in the PSI (Proliferation Security Initiative) as a declaration of undisguised confrontation and a declaration of a war against the DPRK,” the announcement on state TV said.

“Now that the group officially declared confrontation and war against the DPRK, its revolutionary armed forces will opt for increasing the nation’s defense capability including nuclear deterrent in every way, without being bound to the agreement adopted at the six-party talks,” it continued, apparently referring to the Security Council.

Referring to South Korean President Lee Myung-bak, the statement added, “The Lee group of traitors should never forget that Seoul is just 50 kilometers (31 miles) away from the Military Demarcation Line.”

That line was established by the 1953 Armistice Agreement between the two Koreas — which are still technically at war.

A Friday report North Korea’s official KCNA news agency, seemed to blame the “war hysteria” on the United States and South Korea after the two countries carried out a combined air force operation in South Korea.

The “‘South Korea-U.S. military alliance’ oft-repeated by them is, in essence, nothing but a ‘war alliance’ and ‘alliance for aggression’ aimed at invading the DPRK,” the report said.

“When a nuclear war will break out due to the war chariot of the ‘South Korea-U.S. military alliance’ is a matter of time,” it said. “The U.S. and South Korean warmongers would be well advised to stop acting rashly, properly understanding who their rival is.”

Chambers began her career in 1970 as a model for Ivory Snow soap, and starred two years later in the porn classic “Behind the Green Door.”

“She was a really nice girl,” said actor Ron Jeremy, who co-starred with Chambers in adult films starting in the 1970s.

Chambers’ death was a “total shock,” Jeremy said, because they had been scheduled to sign a contract Monday to perform together in an off-Broadway “tongue-in-cheek” re-enactment of the porn classic “Deep Throat.”

“What’s strange is that she was at a stage where she was totally happy and totally content with her life,” Jeremy said. “Her life was falling together, and she was doing really well.”

A family member found Chambers, 56, in the mobile home where she lived in the Canyon Country area and called police Sunday evening, sheriff’s spokesman Steve Whitemore said.

The death appeared to be from natural causes, although toxicology tests have not been completed, Whitemore said.

The coroner’s investigation has not been completed, and no cause of death has been determined, according to a spokesman with the Los Angeles Medical Examiner’s office.

Although her career was mostly in X-rated films, Chambers’ fame was boosted by the irony that her face had graced the Ivory Snow box, a soap advertised as “99 and 44/100 percent pure.”

Chambers eventually co-starred with all of the best-known porn actors of the 1970s and 1980s, Jeremy said.

“Throughout our marriage and separation we have always strived to maintain the privacy and integrity of our family and will continue to do so,” the Gibsons said in a joint statement released to Access on Monday.

Robyn signed the divorce papers on Thursday and filed the papers on Monday morning in Los Angeles Superior Court, citing “irreconcilable differences” as the reason for the split.

However, Access has learned the couple has actually been separated for nearly three years.

Mel and Robyn were married in 1980 after meeting in Australia in 1977.

The couple has seven children – the oldest, Hannah, was born in 1980 and the youngest, Thomas, born in 1999, is the only minor.

In the divorce papers obtained by Access Hollywood, Robyn is seeking joint physical and legal custody of Thomas. She is also requesting the court grant her spousal support from the actor.

Robyn is also requesting ownership of “miscellaneous jewelry.”

Robyn has hired Laura Wasser, who has handled other high-profile divorces for celebrities including Angelina Jolie and Britney Spears.

Access has also learned that Mel and Robyn did not have a prenuptial agreement.

According to an article in the December 1, 2008 issue of the National Enquirer, Gibson has a reported net worth of approximately $900 million.

Mel, who spent Easter weekend at his home in Malibu, recently wrapped production on his latest film, “Edge of Darkness,” a murder conspiracy thriller due in theaters in 2010.

And on Monday afternoon, Mel, who is being represented by attorney Robert S. Kaufman, filed his response to the divorce filing.

In his response filing, Mel is also asking a court to grant their divorce and lists their date of separation as August 26, 2006, a date just one month after he was arrested for DUI in Malibu and was accused of using anti-Semitic language at the arresting officer.

Mel also cited irreconcilable differences for the split.
He also is asking for joint legal and physical custody of their minor son, Thomas Rufus.

The actor has also asked that the court terminate its ability to award spousal support to either Robyn or himself.

Mel’s lawyer previously represented Michael Douglas and Rupert Murdoch in their divorce cases, according to Entrepreneur magazine.